{"id":111705,"date":"2026-11-06T09:30:27","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T06:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/altpresse.com\/?p=111705"},"modified":"2026-11-06T04:04:35","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T01:04:35","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a9-%d8%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/altpresse.com\/?p=111705","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629- \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 :"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a” (Tarifit) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a (Zenati) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648-.\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 (Substratum) \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 Northern
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Western Zenati<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a
\n\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0641)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a (Zenata dialects) Z \u0648 R \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a (Tarifit)<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (M Central Atlas Tamazight) \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646)
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a (Masmouda & Sanhaja dialects) K \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 (Sanhaja des Srayr Berber)
\n\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0634\u0644\u062d\u064a\u062a (C) \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f)
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a (Masmouda & Sanhaja dialects) G \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Ghomara Berber)
\n\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b (Dialect Continuum) \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u063a\u0632\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0622\u064a\u062a \u062e\u0646\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0632\u0631\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0622\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0635\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 (Initial Vowel<\/strong> a-)
\n\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648- \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649
\n\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (a-) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 fus \u0641\u0648\u0633 afus \u0623\u0641\u0648\u0633 afus \u064a\u062f
\n\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u1e0dar \u0636\u0627\u0631 a\u1e0dar \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0631
\na\u1e0dar \u0642\u062f\u0645 \/ \u0633\u0627\u0642
\n\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a dis \/ a\u025beddis adisi \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a adisi \u0628\u0637\u0646
\n\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 gmas \/ tigmest\/ agmas \/ aymas agmas \u0633\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0628- \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646:<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u062a (\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\/ \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\/ \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629) \u062a\u0627\u063a\u0632\u0648\u062a (\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629)<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646
\n\u0642\u0644\u0628 awal \u0623\u0648\u0644 uyawi \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a u\u011fa\u1e5bj \u0623\u06ad\u0627\u0631\u062d ur \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631 g \/ y \/ l \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 r \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a
\n\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0633 asli \u0623\u0633\u0644\u064a aseyyi \u0623\u0633\u064a\u064a ase\u01e7\u01e7i \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a asri \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a
\n\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a
\n\u0639\u0646\u0628 a\u1e0dil \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0644 a\u1e0di \u0623\u0636\u064a a\u1e0di\u01e7 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u062c a\u1e0dir \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0631
\n\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629
\n\u062b\u0644\u062c adfel \u0623\u062f\u0641\u0644 adfey \/ adfi \u0623\u062f\u0641\u064a adfe\u01e7 \u0623\u062f\u0641\u062c adfer \u0623\u062f\u0641\u0631<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a el- \u0625\u0644\u0649 i- \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 er- \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a
\n\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 (\u0623\u0645\u0631) siwel \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 sawi \/ siwi \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \/ \u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a siwe\u01e7 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u062f\u062c siwer \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631
\n\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629
\n\u0623\u0645\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629) i\u1e0de\u01e7\u01e7i i\u1e0delli \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\/\u0622\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f i\u1e0delli i\u1e0denna\u1e0d \/ i\u1e0de\u01e7\u01e7i
\n\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u063a\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0622\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0629 (ll) \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (\u01e7\u01e7)<\/p>\n

\u062c. \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a (Verbal Negation):
\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647.
\n– \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0622\u064a\u062a \u064a\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0629…) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 wa \/ war … ca \/ \u0161a (\u0623\u0648 \u0161i \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: wa ca swigh (\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0628).
\n– \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 (\u0622\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0629…): \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 ci … u \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: ci swigh u.
\n– \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a ur \/ ul \/ u \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 ci \/ c\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0161 \/ ci … ma \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a Zenatization \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649
\n\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 – \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0644 – \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c”. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0631 – \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 – \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (710-1019\u0645)\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629) \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629.
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