{"id":77381,"date":"2022-02-05T18:24:30","date_gmt":"2022-02-05T15:24:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/altpresse.com\/?p=77381"},"modified":"2022-02-05T18:24:30","modified_gmt":"2022-02-05T15:24:30","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/altpresse.com\/?p=77381","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: 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href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[1]<\/a>. \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: 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\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631<a name=\"_ftnref3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn3\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[3]<\/a> \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f 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href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[4]<\/a>\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c&#8221;<a name=\"_ftnref5\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[5]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u063a\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647&#8221;.<a name=\"_ftnref6\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn6\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648<\/strong><a name=\"_ftnref7\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn7\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>[7]<\/strong><\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a- \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a- \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 induction (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a logique d\u00e9duction<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 <strong>m\u00e9thodologique<\/strong> <strong>holisme <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <strong>individualisme m\u00e9thodologique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1<\/strong>&#8211;<strong>2<\/strong>&#8211; <strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. 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<strong>\u0622\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/strong>\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b&#8221;<a name=\"_ftnref9\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1-2-2- <\/strong><strong>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646<\/strong><a name=\"_ftnref10\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn10\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>[10]<\/strong><\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2- <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2-1 \u2013 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 dichotomie \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a- \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629&#8221; \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0640&#8221;\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627&#8221; (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221;<a name=\"_ftnref11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn11\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[11]<\/a>. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645&#8221;<a name=\"_ftnref12\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn12\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[12]<\/a>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646<a name=\"_ftnref13\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn13\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[13]<\/a>: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 <strong>\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a<\/strong><a name=\"_ftnref14\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn14\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[14]<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629<a name=\"_ftnref15\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn15\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[15]<\/a>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u201d\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u201c\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u201d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u201c \u201d\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201c 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\u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a (\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2 -2- <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 Action \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn17\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[17]<\/a>\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 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<strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 causes\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/strong> \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 raisons.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn22\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[22]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 l\u2019analyse du v\u00e9cu des acteurs \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<a name=\"_ftnref23\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn23\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1- <\/strong><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628\u060c 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href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn24\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[24]<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><strong> &#8211; <\/strong>L&#8217;<strong>id\u00e9al<\/strong>&#8211;<strong>type<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 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justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647: \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a (\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b<a name=\"_ftnref25\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn25\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[25]<\/a>\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0643: <strong>\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0637\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633<\/strong> <strong>\u0647\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u060c <strong>\u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a<\/strong>\u060c <strong>\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/strong>\u060c <strong>\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c <strong>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0648 \u0622\u0628\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/strong> <strong>\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<a name=\"_ftnref26\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn26\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[26]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/strong> <strong>\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/strong> \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a&#8221; -\u00ab\u00a0l\u2019explication compr\u00e9hensive\u00a0\u00bb<a name=\"_ftnref27\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn27\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[27]<\/a>\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647&#8221;.<a name=\"_ftnref28\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftn28\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[28]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062d\u0642<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \\ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \\ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Holisme m\u00e9thodologique<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">causes<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le \u00ab comment \u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Objectivit\u00e9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Distanciation<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fait social<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Explication<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Individualisme m\u00e9thodologique<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">raisons<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">le \u00ab Pourquoi \u00bb?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Subjectivit\u00e9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Actualisation<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Action social<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">compr\u00e9hension<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Andr\u00e9 Lalande<\/strong>, <em>Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie<\/em>, PUF,1926<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Boudon, R<\/strong>. (2002). <em>Th\u00e9orie du choix rationnel ou individualisme m\u00e9thodologique ?<\/em> Sociologie et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, 34(1), 9\u201334<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Colliot-Th\u00e9l\u00e8ne<\/strong> Catherine. Expliquer\/comprendre: relecture d&#8217;une controverse. In: Espaces Temps, 84-86, 2004. L&#8217;op\u00e9ration \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique. R\u00e9fl\u00e9chir les sciences sociales. pp. 6-23<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dilthey<\/strong>,<em>\u00a0Le Monde de l&#8217;Esprit<\/em>, traduction de M. R\u00e9my, 1947<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Drulhe Marcel<\/strong>. La <em>sociologie entre l&#8217;explication et la compr\u00e9hension<\/em>. In: <em>L&#8217;Homme et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>, N. 75-76, 1985. Synth\u00e8se en sciences humaines. pp. 23-30<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Emile Durkheim<\/strong>, Les r\u00e8gles de la m\u00e9thode sociologique, \u00e9d. Flammarion, 1988<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Geogg Henrik von Wright<\/strong>, <em>Explicaci\u00f3n y Comprensi\u00f3n<\/em> Versi\u00f3n castellana de Luis Vega Ri\u00f1\u00f3n, Alianza Universidad Madrid, 1980<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Guy Rocher<\/strong>, <em>Introduction \u00e0 la Sociologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/em>, Hurtubise, 1992, Canada.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kamel Boucherf, \u00ab\u00a0<\/strong>M\u00e9thode quantitative vs m\u00e9thode qualitative\u00a0?: contribution a un d\u00e9bat\u00a0\u00bb, pp. 9-29, les cahiers du cread n\u00b0116<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Jurgen Habermas<\/strong>, <em>Logique des sciences sociales et autres essais<\/em>, Puf, 1968.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Raymond Aron<\/strong>, <em>les \u00e9tapes de la pens\u00e9e sociologique<\/em>, Gallimard, 1967.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Paolo C. Biondi<\/strong>, <em>Aristote et la m\u00e9thode scientifique<\/em>, Aspects sociologiques<em>, <\/em>novembre, 1993, pp. 4-9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Max Weber<\/strong>, \u00ab\u00a0<em>Essai sur quelques cat\u00e9gories de la sociologie compr\u00e9hensive<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, in: <em>Essais sur la th\u00e9orie de la science<\/em>, Traduits de l\u2019allemand et introduits par Julien Freund, PLON, 1965<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Max Weber<\/strong>, Economie et soci\u00e9t\u00e9, t1, Plon, 1971<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 30-8\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2019\u060c \u0635. 101- 128<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/strong>\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0630\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 30-8\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2019\u060c \u0635.. 31-54<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[1]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u0644\u0641\u0638 &#8220;\u0646\u0647\u062c&#8221; \u0641\u064a: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631)\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c 2003,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[2]<\/a> Andr\u00e9 Lalande, Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie, PUF,1926 ,p.623<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref3\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[3]<\/a> \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c&#8221;:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00ab\u00a0Et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=ceux\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ceux<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=qui\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">qui<\/a>\u00a0ne\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=marchent\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">marchent<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=que\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">que<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=fort\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">fort<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=lentement\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">lentement<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=peuvent\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">peuvent<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=avancer\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">avancer<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=beaucoup\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">beaucoup<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=davantage\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">davantage<\/a>, s&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=ils\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ils<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=suivent\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">suivent<\/a>\u00a0le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=droit\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">droit<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=chemin\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">chemin<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=que\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">que<\/a>\u00a0ne\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=font\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">font<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=ceux\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ceux<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=qui\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">qui<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=courent\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">courent<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=qui\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">qui<\/a>\u00a0s&#8217;en\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dicocitations.lemonde.fr\/citation.php?mot=eloignent\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u00e9loignent<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[4]<\/a> Diccionario de Epistemologia, p. 176<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[5]<\/a> Martin Heidegger, Science et M\u00e9ditation, pp. 49- 79, in: Essais et Conf\u00e9rences, Gallimard, 1958<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref6\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[6]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref7\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[7]<\/a> Paolo C. Biondi, Aristote et la m\u00e9thode scientifique, <em>Aspects sociologiques, <\/em>novembre1993, pp. 4-9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref8\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[8]<\/a> Emile Durkheim, Les r\u00e8gles de la m\u00e9thode sociologique, \u00e9d. Flammarion, 1988, p. 103-104<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[9]<\/a> Raymond Aron, les \u00e9tapes de la pens\u00e9e sociologique, Gallimard, 1967, p.363<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref10\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[10]<\/a> Boudon, R. (2002). Th\u00e9orie du choix rationnel ou individualisme m\u00e9thodologique ? Sociologie et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, 34(1), 9\u201334<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref11\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[11]<\/a> Drulhe Marcel. La sociologie entre l&#8217;explication et la compr\u00e9hension. In: L&#8217;Homme et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, N. 75-76, 1985. Synth\u00e8se en sciences humaines. pp. 23-30<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref12\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[12]<\/a> Colliot-Th\u00e9l\u00e8ne Catherine. Expliquer\/comprendre : relecture d&#8217;une controverse. In: Espaces Temps, 84-86, 2004. L&#8217;op\u00e9ration \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique. R\u00e9fl\u00e9chir les sciences sociales. pp. 6-23<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref13\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[13]<\/a> Geogg Henrik von Wright, Explicaci\u00f3n y Comprensi\u00f3n, Versi\u00f3n castellana de Luis Vega Ri\u00f1\u00f3n, Alianza Universidad Madrid, 1980 P.\u00a017<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref14\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[14]<\/a> Dilthey,<em>\u00a0Le Monde de l&#8217;Esprit<\/em>, traduction de M. R\u00e9my, 1947<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref15\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[15]<\/a> \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a Rickert \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">J\u00fcrgen Habermas, Logique des sciences sociales et autres essais, Puf, 1968\u2026p.10<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a>&#8221; el problema metodol\u00f3gico de cuantificar lo cualitativo &#8220;\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: [16]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref17\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[17]<\/a> \u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0630\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 30-8\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2019\u060c \u0635. 31-54<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref18\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[18]<\/a> Guy Rocher, Introduction a la Sociologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Hurtubise, 1992, Canada, P.625<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref19\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[19]<\/a> Max Weber, Economie et soci\u00e9t\u00e9, t1, Plon, 1971, p.35<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn20\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref20\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[20]<\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062a\u0633).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn21\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref21\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[21]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 30-8\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2019\u060c \u0635. 101- 128<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn22\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref22\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[22]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645 \u0641\u064a <em>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962\u060c \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 <strong>\u0637\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0646 <\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thomas. S. Kuhn, La structure des r\u00e9volutions scientifiques, Flammarion, Traduit de l\u2019am\u00e9ricain par Laure Meyer, 1970, p. 5<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn23\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref23\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[23]<\/a> Kamel Boucherf<strong>, \u00ab\u00a0<\/strong>M\u00e9thode quantitative vs m\u00e9thode qualitative\u00a0?: contribution a un d\u00e9bat\u00a0\u00bb,pp. 9-29, les cahiers du cread n\u00b0116<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn24\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref24\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[24]<\/a> Max Weber, \u00ab\u00a0Essai sur quelques cat\u00e9gories de la sociologie compr\u00e9hensive\u00a0\u00bb, in\u00a0: Essais sur la th\u00e9orie de la science, Traduits de l\u2019allemand et introduits par Julien Freund, PLON, 1965, p.303<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645&#8221; \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u00abexplication compr\u00e9hensive\u00a0\u00bb\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0642\u0645 99\u060c \u0635. 456<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn25\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref25\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[25]<\/a> Colliot-Th\u00e9l\u00e8ne Catherine. Expliquer\/comprendre : relecture d&#8217;une controverse. In: Espaces Temps, 84-86, 2004. L&#8217;op\u00e9ration \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique. R\u00e9fl\u00e9chir les sciences sociales. pp. 6-23<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn26\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref26\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[26]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn27\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref27\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[27]<\/a> Max Weber, \u00ab\u00a0<em>Essai sur quelques cat\u00e9gories de la sociologie compr\u00e9hensive<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, in\u00a0: <em>Essais sur la th\u00e9orie de la science<\/em>, Traduits de l\u2019allemand et introduits par Julien Freund, PLON, 1965<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"_ftn28\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mominoun.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-7904#_ftnref28\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">[28]<\/a> Max Weber, Economie et soci\u00e9t\u00e9, t1, Plon, 1971.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f.\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8211; 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